Bailiffs and enforcement
A letter from a bailiff can be frightening. Knowing what they can and can’t do can help you decide what to do next.
What bailiffs are
Bailiffs are now usually called enforcement agents. They’re sent to collect certain debts, such as council tax (once the council has a liability order), court judgments or unpaid fines. A debt normally has to reach that stage first.
This guide covers England and Wales. Scotland uses sheriff officers, and Northern Ireland has its own rules.
What they can and can’t do
These are the general rules, and there are exceptions.
Notice first
They usually have to send written notice before a first visit, which gives you time to act.
Entering your home
For most debts they can’t force their way in on a first visit, and you don’t have to let them in. They can normally only visit between 6am and 9pm.
Taking goods
If they get in, they may list things they could take and sell. Some things are usually protected, such as tools you need for work and basic household items.
Fees
Their fees are set by law and rise at each stage, so ask for a full breakdown.
What you can do now
Don’t ignore the letter
Note the date on it. Contact the enforcement firm, or whoever you owe, and say you want to agree a payment you can afford.
Check who is at the door
Ask for their identification and the paperwork for the debt. Genuine enforcement agents carry both. You can talk through a closed door.
Keep a record
Write down dates, names and what was said, and keep every letter and receipt.
Offer what you can truly afford
Work out your essential costs first, so you only promise what you can keep up.
Ask a debt adviser about protection
A formal debt solution may pause action on the debts it covers, as may a breathing space in England and Wales. It depends on your situation.
When to get help
Speak to a debt adviser as soon as a bailiff gets in touch, ideally before a visit. They can look at which of your debts are urgent and which options might apply.
Signs it may be time to talk to someone
- A notice of enforcement has arrived.
- A bailiff has visited, or says they will.
- You’re not sure the debt is yours, or that the amount is right.
- Someone at home is ill or vulnerable, or there are young children.
Free, impartial advice is available from MoneyHelper, StepChange and National Debtline. MoneyHelper
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General information, not advice. Rules can differ in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
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